Кости
Кальций
Зависит от условий. Есть данные: АД вверх реже. При условиях: переломы: МА противоречивы.
Суть
Макроминерал: минерализация кости, тонус сосудов; без дефицита бесполезен, в беременности работает.
Что говорят исследования
Форма важна
Сначала еда (молоко/кунжут).
Добавка 500–600 мг + витамин D. Карбонат или цитрат: по переносимости..
Мифы
«Чем больше, тем лучше»: без дефицита переломы не предотвращает.
«Снижает давление всем»: у нормотензивных эффект мал (Cochrane 2022).
Осторожно
Эффект при беременности: высокие дозы ≥1 г/день снижают преэклампсию, особенно при НИЗКОМ диетическом Ca.
Риск HELLP-синдрома повышен (RR 2.67, но абсолютно редкое).
Вне беременности: профилактика переломов только с витамином D.
С лекарствами
Из еды
Молочные продукты, кунжут, зелень, рыба с костями; усвоение зависит от витамина D.
Источники
Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems. 2018 Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Systematic Review
Calcium supplementation (other than for preventing or treating hypertension) for improving pregnancy and infant outcomes. 2024 Systematic Review, Journal Article, Meta-Analysis
Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension. 2022 Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Systematic Review
Обзоры исследований: 712 в Europe PMC, самые цитируемые
The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2007 · цитирований: 1277
Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood-pressure-lowering drugs: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomised trials. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. 2000 · цитирований: 961
Use of calcium or calcium in combination with vitamin D supplementation to prevent fractures and bone loss in people aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis. 2007 · цитирований: 785
Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. 2010 · цитирований: 645
Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis. 2011 · цитирований: 555
Serum levels of phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and calcium and risks of death and cardiovascular disease in individuals with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2011 · цитирований: 527
Using the coronary artery calcium score to predict coronary heart disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2004 · цитирований: 411
Association Between Calcium or Vitamin D Supplementation and Fracture Incidence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. 2017 · цитирований: 390
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and risk of fractures: an updated meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. 2016 · цитирований: 381
Systematic review: Vitamin D and calcium supplementation in prevention of cardiovascular events. 2010 · цитирований: 325
Need for additional calcium to reduce the risk of hip fracture with vitamin d supplementation: evidence from a comparative metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. 2007 · цитирований: 311
Effect of calcium-based versus non-calcium-based phosphate binders on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. 2013 · цитирований: 301
Calcium and arrhythmogenesis. 2007 · цитирований: 269
Global dietary calcium intake among adults: a systematic review. 2017 · цитирований: 262
Genetic association study of QT interval highlights role for calcium signaling pathways in myocardial repolarization. 2014 · цитирований: 258
Vitamin D with or without calcium supplementation for prevention of cancer and fractures: an updated meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. 2011 · цитирований: 257
Vitamin D and Calcium for the Prevention of Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. 2019 · цитирований: 244
Calcium antagonists for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. 2007 · цитирований: 243
Calcium intake and bone mineral density: systematic review and meta-analysis. 2015 · цитирований: 242
Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. VII. Meta-analysis of calcium supplementation for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. 2002 · цитирований: 212
Calcium intake and risk of fracture: systematic review. 2015 · цитирований: 209
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers for coronary heart disease and stroke prevention. 2005 · цитирований: 208
Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems. 2018 · цитирований: 206
The influence of dietary and nondietary calcium supplementation on blood pressure: an updated metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. 1999 · цитирований: 203
Minerals and Sarcopenia; The Role of Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Selenium, Sodium, and Zinc on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. 2018 · цитирований: 199
Colorectal cancer risk and dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy products: a meta-analysis of 26,335 cases from 60 observational studies. 2009 · цитирований: 199
Meta-analysis of vitamin D, calcium and the prevention of breast cancer. 2010 · цитирований: 198
Calcium intake and bone mass: a quantitative review of the evidence. 1990 · цитирований: 195
Calcium intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. 2007 · цитирований: 195
Meta-analysis of trials comparing beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, and nitrates for stable angina. 1999 · цитирований: 195
Оценка: Brain 25 Evidence (MIT).