Кровь
Железо
Работает. Доказано: анемия при беременности: RR 0.30. При условиях: энергия ТОЛЬКО при анемии/латентном дефиците.
Суть
Кофактор гемоглобина: работает при анемии и дефиците ферритина; при нормальном уровне пользы нет.
Что говорят исследования
Форма важна
Хелат/бисглицинат мягче для ЖКТ, чем сульфат.
Принимать с витамином C, не с кальцием.
Мифы
«Больше: энергичнее»: при норме ферритина пользы нет.
«Только ежедневно»: 1–3 р/нед мягче.
«Чай отменяет всё»: лишь снижает всасывание.
Осторожно
Эффект зависит от ИСХОДНОГО уровня ферритина.
У здоровых с нормальным Fe - пользы мало.
При анемии или дефиците - значимая.
GI-побочки (запор, тошнота) частые.
Беременность: рутинная рекомендация WHO.
С лекарствами
Из еды
Красное мясо (гемовое: всасывается лучше); растительное и танины (чай) хуже. На дефицит едой не наесться.
Источники
Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy. 2024 Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review
Intermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in menstruating women. 2011 Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review
Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women. 2016 Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Systematic Review
Обзоры исследований: 734 в Europe PMC, самые цитируемые
Iron deficiency and reduced work capacity: a critical review of the research to determine a causal relationship. 2001 · цитирований: 629
Anaemia, prenatal iron use, and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. 2013 · цитирований: 544
Ferrous sulfate supplementation causes significant gastrointestinal side-effects in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2015 · цитирований: 533
Adjusting plasma ferritin concentrations to remove the effects of subclinical inflammation in the assessment of iron deficiency: a meta-analysis. 2010 · цитирований: 442
Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy. 2015 · цитирований: 353
The safety of intravenous iron preparations: systematic review and meta-analysis. 2015 · цитирований: 309
The Proportion of Anemia Associated with Iron Deficiency in Low, Medium, and High Human Development Index Countries: A Systematic Analysis of National Surveys. 2016 · цитирований: 285
Effects of ferric carboxymaltose on hospitalisations and mortality rates in iron-deficient heart failure patients: an individual patient data meta-analysis. 2018 · цитирований: 284
Heme iron from meat and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and a review of the mechanisms involved. 2011 · цитирований: 253
Anemia and iron metabolism in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2020 · цитирований: 249
Safety and efficacy of intravenous iron therapy in reducing requirement for allogeneic blood transfusion: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. 2013 · цитирований: 245
Effects of intravenous iron therapy in iron-deficient patients with systolic heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 2016 · цитирований: 242
Cancer therapy with iron oxide nanoparticles: Agents of thermal and immune therapies. 2020 · цитирований: 235
Iron and cancer risk--a systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence. 2014 · цитирований: 225
Hypersensitivity reactions to intravenous iron: guidance for risk minimization and management. 2014 · цитирований: 224
Effect of iron supplementation on mental and motor development in children: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. 2005 · цитирований: 220
Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency across indications: a systematic review. 2015 · цитирований: 219
Obesity and iron deficiency: a quantitative meta-analysis. 2015 · цитирований: 202
Iron, zinc and copper in the Alzheimer's disease brain: a quantitative meta-analysis. Some insight on the influence of citation bias on scientific opinion. 2011 · цитирований: 200
Minerals and Sarcopenia; The Role of Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Selenium, Sodium, and Zinc on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. 2018 · цитирований: 199
Dietary iron intake, body iron stores, and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2012 · цитирований: 193
Tolerability of different oral iron supplements: a systematic review. 2013 · цитирований: 191
Iron supplementation in early childhood: health benefits and risks. 2006 · цитирований: 190
Systematic Review: Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) of Brain Iron Profile in Neurodegenerative Diseases. 2021 · цитирований: 183
Meta-analysis of brain iron levels of Parkinson's disease patients determined by postmortem and MRI measurements. 2016 · цитирований: 177
Effect of iron supplementation on incidence of infectious illness in children: systematic review. 2002 · цитирований: 174
Effect of daily iron supplementation on health in children aged 4-23 months: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. 2013 · цитирований: 172
The effects of oral iron supplementation on cognition in older children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2010 · цитирований: 164
A genome-wide meta-analysis yields 46 new loci associating with biomarkers of iron homeostasis. 2021 · цитирований: 144
The Role of Iron in Brain Development: A Systematic Review. 2020 · цитирований: 142
Оценка: Brain 25 Evidence (MIT).